Green Analytical Chemistry in Pharmaceuticals: Eco-Friendly Approaches to Drug Testing

Abstract

Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) is transforming the pharmaceutical industry by integrating sustainable practices into drug testing and development. By adhering to green chemistry principles, such as reducing hazardous reagents, optimizing energy efficiency, and utilizing renewable resources, GAC minimizes environmental impact while promoting safety and efficiency. Conventional drug testing methods, often associated with high waste generation and resource consumption, contribute significantly to pollution and ecological strain. In contrast, GAC methodologies emphasize eco-friendly approaches, including the use of green solvents, micro-analytical techniques, and biodegradable materials, to decrease waste and improve safety. Despite challenges related to cost, regulatory compliance, and analytical efficiency, GAC is advancing through innovations in spectroscopy, chromatography, and automation, allowing pharmaceutical companies to align with global sustainability goals. The adoption of GAC in pharmaceuticals not only enhances public health outcomes by reducing exposure to toxic chemicals but also supports cost savings and regulatory compliance. This review highlights the principles, benefits, challenges, and future directions of green analytical chemistry in pharmaceuticals, presenting a roadmap for broader adoption of sustainable practices in drug testing.