Curcumin as an Adjunct Therapy for Insulin Resistance: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, has garnered attention for its potential role in modulating insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. This review examines the mechanisms through which curcumin influences these processes, highlighting its impact on insulin signalling pathways, inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Clinical evidence supports curcumin's efficacy in managing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, demonstrating improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. The integration of curcumin into clinical practice could enhance diabetes management by complementing existing therapies, potentially allowing for lower doses of conventional medications and improving overall quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing curcumin dosage, exploring advanced formulations for better bioavailability, and conducting long-term trials to assess safety and efficacy. Comparative effectiveness studies are also needed to establish curcumin's relative benefits compared to other natural supplements and conventional treatments. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms and interactions with the gut microbiota will further elucidate curcumin's therapeutic potential and inform its use in personalized diabetes care.