Emerging trends in RNA-based therapeutics: From messenger RNA vaccines to RNA interference

Abstract

Efficient RNA delivery to target cells remains a major challenge in RNA therapeutics. Current methods, such as lipid nanoparticles and viral vectors, face issues such as immunogenicity, limited tissue specificity, and toxicity. Researchers are working on safer, more precise delivery systems to overcome these hurdles. Off-target effects are another concern, particularly in gene silencing and editing therapies, where unintended genes may be affected. Efforts are underway to improve RNA sequence accuracy and delivery methods to minimize these risks. Regulatory and manufacturing challenges also impede progress, as large-scale production and standardization of RNA molecules are complex. Future directions focus on developing stable, efficient delivery systems, improving RNA design, and enhancing targeting mechanisms. The integration of RNA therapeutics with personalized medicine and gene editing may unlock new treatments for previously untreatable diseases. As research progresses, RNA-based therapies are expected to become key tools in treating various conditions, from cancer to genetic and infectious diseases.