Therapeutic Challenges and Advances in the Management of Hepatitis C: The Role of Clinical Pharmacy

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant global health burden, affecting millions and contributing to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The management of HCV has evolved significantly, transitioning from interferon-based therapies to highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which offer high cure rates with fewer adverse effects. Despite these advancements, several therapeutic challenges persist, including delayed diagnosis, drug resistance, treatment accessibility, and adherence issues. Additionally, comorbid conditions such as HIV co-infection, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis complicate disease management. This review explores the evolving landscape of HCV therapy, highlighting the role of clinical pharmacy in overcoming these challenges. Clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in optimizing pharmacotherapy through medication therapy management, addressing drug-drug interactions, improving patient adherence, and providing targeted education. Furthermore, their involvement in public health initiatives, including screening programs and harm reduction strategies, enhances HCV elimination efforts. Costrelated
barriers remain a major concern, necessitating pharmacist-led advocacy for affordable treatment options and policy reforms. The future of HCV management lies in personalized medicine, the development of pan-genotypic DAAs, and potential vaccine breakthroughs. The integration of clinical pharmacy into multidisciplinary care models is vital to achieving the World Health Organization’s HCV elimination goals. This review underscores the need for continuous advancements in HCV therapeutics while reinforcing the indispensable role of clinical pharmacists in ensuring optimal patient outcomes.