The Role of Curcuma longa in Combating Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a significant global health threat by reducing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. In response, natural compounds like Curcuma longa (turmeric) have attracted interest for their antimicrobial properties. Curcumin, the primary bioactive compound in turmeric, exhibits broad-spectrum activity against MDR pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Its antimicrobial mechanisms involve disrupting bacterial cell walls, inhibiting key enzymes, modulating efflux pumps, and preventing biofilm formation. Additionally, curcumin enhances the efficacy of conventional antibiotics through synergistic effects, making it a promising adjunct in antimicrobial therapy. However, its clinical application is limited by poor bioavailability. Advances in drug delivery, such as nanoparticle formulations, are improving its stability and absorption, enhancing its therapeutic potential. This review highlights the antimicrobial mechanisms of Curcuma longa, its effectiveness against MDR bacteria, and its future role in combating antibiotic resistance.