Advances in Drug Formulation Techniques: Addressing Challenges in Bioavailability

Abstract

Bioavailability, the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is absorbed into the bloodstream, is a critical factor in drug development. Many drugs suffer from poor bioavailability due to factors like low solubility, instability in the gastrointestinal tract, and poor permeability across cell membranes. Over the years, significant progress has been made in developing novel drug formulation techniques aimed at enhancing bioavailability. This mini-review explores recent advances in formulation strategies such as nanoparticle-based delivery, solid dispersion systems, lipid-based formulations, and other innovative approaches that have the potential to address bioavailability challenges.