MICRONEEDLE TECHNOLOGY IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: INNOVATIONS AND CLINICAL POTENTIAL

Abstract

Microneedle technology has emerged as an innovative solution in transdermal drug delivery, offering a minimally invasive, patient-friendly alternative to traditional methods like injections and transdermal patches. This review explores the principles, advancements, and clinical potential of microneedles, highlighting their ability to deliver a wide range of therapeutic agents effectively, from small molecules to large biologics. We examine the various microneedle types including solid, coated, dissolvable, and hydrogel-forming microneedles and discuss recent innovations in fabrication, materials, and design aimed at enhancing drug delivery efficiency, safety, and patient comfort. Notable clinical applications, such as vaccine delivery, pain management, and cosmetic treatments, underscore the versatility of microneedles in addressing diverse therapeutic needs. Clinical studies demonstrate promising efficacy and safety profiles, with high patient compliance. However, challenges in large-scale production, regulatory approvals, and cost remain barriers to broader implementation. Future directions include the development of "smart" microneedles, integration with wearable technologies, and applications in personalized medicine. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of microneedle technology in healthcare and calls for further research to realize its full clinical impact.