A Study to Assess Occupational Health Hazards and Preventive Measures among Employees in a Selected Railway Workshop

Abstract

Background: Occupational health hazards pose significant risks to workers’ well-being, particularly in industrial settings such as railway workshops. This study assesses the prevalence of occupational health hazards and the preventive measures adopted by employees in a selected Central Railway workshop.

Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among 300 employees using a structured interview schedule and physical examination checklist. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, occupational exposure, health conditions, and preventive practices. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency distribution, t-tests, and correlation analysis.

Results: The study assessed the occupational health status of 300 employees, revealing significant health risks. The majority (51.67%) were aged 51–60 years, with a predominantly male workforce (94%) and a high prevalence of hypertension (46.34%) and diabetes (24.39%). Occupational exposures included dust (58.33%), fumes (56.67%), and extreme heat (60.33%), with 67% exposed for over 8 years. Lifestyle factors showed 24% tobacco use and 9.33% alcohol consumption. Nutritional assessments indicated that 33% were overweight and 8.67% obese, whereas 66% had abnormal blood pressure. Respiratory evaluations identified 55.33% with reduced lung function, and 13.67% had occupational skin disorders. The findings highlight the urgent need for preventive measures, health monitoring, and targeted interventions to improve employee well-being.

Conclusion: Despite awareness of occupational hazards, adherence to preventive measures remains suboptimal. Strengthening workplace safety protocols, regular health screenings, and employee education programs are recommended.