Postpartum Depression

Abstract

Postpartum or puerperium is a period following childbirth where in the mother undergoes reversal of an anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy. It is phase of maximum adjustment to new parents and families. This iceberg problem has a global toll of 10–15% whereas in India, it is one out of five females and 10% among all fathers. Postpartum depression (PPD) sheds light on its multifaceted nature, there are various factors including hormonal, psychological, and environmental influences. This article serves as a guide for early detection of those risk factors such as age, unemployment, and history of depression, hereby prompting interventions for immediate redressal. The risk factors are other than being limited to the birth of the newborn, ranging from the factors before conception, pregnancy, and lactation contributes to it. Not only the parents but the infant also demonstrates subtle signs and symptoms ranging from emotional, cognitive, and physical domains such as nausea, anxiety, poor lactation, and weight issues. Paying close attention to those minimal changes in behavior and physiology is remedial in treatment. Use of simple screening methods such as Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and proactive healthcare given by nurses can navigate and alleviate the challenges posed by PPD. The critical role of nurses and vital support network that families can provide throughout the perinatal period can definitely make a huge difference. It is important to highlight the collective effort by cooperating improved awareness through perinatal education, timely intervention, and overall holistic well-being not just physical ailments for parents experiencing PPD.